A number spiral is an infinite grid whose upper-left square has number 1. Here are the first five layers of the spiral:

Your task is to find out the number in row ~y~ and column ~x~.

Input

• The first input line contains an integer ~t~: the number of tests.

• After this, there are ~t~ lines, each containing integers ~y~ and ~x~.

Output

• For each test, print the number in row ~y~ and column ~x~.

Constraints

• ~1 \le t \le 10^5~
• ~1 \le y, x \le 10^9~

Example Input

3
2 3
1 1
4 2

Example Output

8
1
15